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Comparison of clonidine and dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to 0.5% ropivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus block: A prospective, randomized, double-blind and controlled study
Usha Bafna1, Gaurav Sharma2, Sindhu Sapru3, Mamta Khandelwal4, Varsha Kothari1, Rajni Mathur1
1 Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
3 Senior Resident, Department of Anesthesiology, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
4 Associate Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Correspondence Address:
Gaurav Sharma
Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan
India
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | 3 |
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10046-0015
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Background: Brachial plexus blockade is the cornerstone of regional anesthesia practice. This study was done to compare clonidine and dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to 0.5% ropivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus block (SCB).
Materials and methods: A prospective, randomized, double-blind study was done in 120 patients of American Society of Anaesthesiologist (ASA) grade I and II undergoing elective upper limb surgery under SCB. Patients were randomized into three groups. Group 1 (n = 40) received 30 ml of 0.5% ropivacaine, group 2 (n = 40) received 30 ml of 0.5% ropivacaine with 2 mg/kg clonidine, and group 3 (n = 40) received 30 ml of 0.5% ropivacaine with 1 mg/kg dexmedetomidine. Onset and recovery time of sensory and motor block, duration of analgesia and quality of block, hemodynamic variables, and level of sedation were studied in the three groups.
Results: Sensory and motor block onset times were shorter in group 3 than in group 1 and 2 (p < 0.0001). Sensory and motor block durations and duration of analgesia were longer in group 3 than in groups 1 and 2 (p < 0.0001). Blood pressure and heart rate were lower in group 3 as compared to groups 1 and 2 (p < 0.0001). The number of patients achieving grade IV quality of block was higher in group 3 as compared to the other groups.
Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine when added in SCB shortened the onset of sensory and motor block and enhances the duration of sensory and motor block and duration of analgesia without significant side effects.
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